When computer programs and algorithms mimic the human ability to think, they are said to be using artificial intelligence. The 'intelligence' part of the phrase refers to the ability to build knowledge derived from acquired data. The 'artificial' part refers to the machine that is using that intelligence, usually a computer or, increasingly, a series of computers that can communicate with one another over the internet. The idea is that artificial intelligence will be able to replicate or at least offer something similar to human thought processes in the near future.
The idea behind attachment parenting methods is that they promote a greater sense of attachment between a parent and an infant. There are seven so-called Bs behind the theory which are birth bonding, breastfeeding, babywearing, bedding close by, belief in crying as language, beware of baby trainers and balance. Together, the approach is supposed to offer greater synergy between a baby and its principal caregiver. For example, adherents of the theory point out that oxytocin, a bodily hormone, is usually released when breastfeeding, which, in turn, should lead to closer bonding. Although child attachment theories have been around for decades, attachment parenting styles have only been popularised since the 1980s. The idea is not without its critics.
Attachment styles – or attachment classifications – are among the ways by which people connect. According to attachment theory - something that was pioneered by psychologists like John Bowlby, among others – attachment styles are shown by different children as they mature depending on wide-ranging factors, such as local culture. The developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth built on the ideas of thinkers into attachment theory that had come before to come up with a classification system. In the 1960s and 1970s, she pursued ideas relating to what she called strange situation protocol and noted that – generally speaking – there were four kinds of responses that growing children showed with their attachment to their parents and others. Her work focused on younger children and their interactions with their primary caregiver, usually - although not exclusively – their mother.
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